TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Chapter
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation and purpose of the study 1
1.2 The colonial background of Taiwan 3
1.2.1 The aboriginal era 4
1.2.2 The west European era (1624-1661) 5
1.2.3 The Koxinga era (1661-1683) 7
1.2.4 The Ch'ing dynasty era (1863-1895) 7
1.2.5 The Japanese era (1895-1945) 8
1.2.6 The Chinese KMT era (1945-present ) 8
1.2.7 An awareness of Taiwanese 11
1.3 Overview of the study 15
2. Ethnicity, languages, and writing systems in Taiwan 16
2.1 Ethnicity and Languages in Taiwan 16
2.1.1 The Taiwanese aborigines 16
2.1.2 The Holo people 18
2.1.3 The Hakka people 20
2.1.4 The Mainlanders 20
2.1.5 Ethnic relations 21
2.1.6 Language policy 22
2.2 The evolution of written languages in Taiwan 23
2.2.1 The Sinkang manuscripts 24
2.2.2 The classical Han and Koa-a-chheh writings 25
2.2.3 The Peh-oe-ji writing 27
2.2.4 The Japanese, Taiwanese, and Mandarin writings 32
2.3 The modern movement of written Taiwanese . 33
2.3.1 Socio-political factors of writing reforms in Asia 34
2.3.2 The first movement of colloquial writing in 1920s 37
2.3.3 The contemporary Taibun movement since 1980 41
2.4 Three main writing schemes of the contemporary Taibun 49
2.4.1 Han characters only 50
2.4.2 Roman script only 52
2.4.3 Han-Roman mixed 54
3. Sociolinguistic studies in taiwan 56
3.1 Previous empirical sociolinguistic studies in Taiwan 56
3.1.1 Language attitudes 57
3.1.2 Language use, shift, and ethnicity 58
3.2 Literature on the issues of written Taiwanese 60
4. METHODOLOGY 63
4.1 Methods 63
4.2 Questionnaire design 64
4.3 Selection of reading samples 65
4.4 Selection of raters 67
4.5 Conducting procedure . 68
4.6 Data analysis 69
5. results and discussion 74
5.1 Evaluations of different reading samples 74
5.1.1 Evaluations of six characteristic scales 75
5.1.2 Different readings show different scores 76
5.1.3 Raters' evaluations on writers' backgrounds 85
5.2 Raters' backgrounds may affect their evaluations 96
5.2.1 The significant factors 96
5.2.2 The Taibun equation for predicting reading scores 106
5.3 Language, mother tongue, ethnicity and politics 111
5.3.1 Ethnic identity, mother tongue, and language ability 112
5.3.2 Language, society, and politics 125
6. CONCLUSION 134
6.1 Summary of the findings 134
6.2 Conclusion 137
6.3 Recommendations for further studies 140
Appendix
A. SUMMARY OF FREQUENCIES AND PERCENTAGES OF RATERS' RESPONSES IN QUESTIONNAIRE 141
B. TRANSLATIONS OF READING SAMPLES AND READING QUESTIONS 146
C. TRANSLATIONS OF READER'S BACKGROUND QUESTIONS 152
D. ORIGINAL QUESTIONNAIRE SHEETS 157
E. ORIGINAL HAN CHARACTERS OF PROPER NOUNS IN ROMANIZATION 168
REFERENCES
173